How to declare Bitcoin to Spanish Hacienda 2026 step by step
Quick answer: Bitcoin capital gains are taxed in the IRPF savings base at 19% to 28% depending on the amount. They are declared in Modelo 100 (annual return), boxes 1626-1636. Balances on non-resident exchanges must also be reported in Modelo 721 if they exceeded €50,000 on December 31.
"I sold Bitcoin this year with a gain and I don't know which boxes to fill in on the Spanish tax return. I'm afraid I'll mess it up and get fined."
Since 2023 the Spanish tax agency has direct access to data from Spanish exchanges, and from 2024 to most EU platforms via DAC-8. That means it no longer depends on your declaration: if you buy or sell with your DNI on Binance Spain, Bit2Me, Coinbase, Kraken or other EU-regulated venues, Hacienda already knows. Declaring correctly is the only sensible strategy today.
Spanish tax law recognises three taxable events: (1) selling crypto for fiat, (2) swapping one crypto for another (a "permuta", which also triggers gain/loss), and (3) using crypto to pay for goods or services. Receiving crypto via airdrops or staking is classified as investment income, not capital gains. Each has its own box.
On top of that, Modelo 721 (informational, no payment) requires you to report balances above €50,000 held in non-Spanish exchanges on December 31. Non-filing carries a minimum €300 fine that can scale to a percentage of the undeclared amount.
Step-by-step guide
- 1
Gather your full trade history
Export the complete CSV from every exchange you used during the year. Include buys, sells, crypto-crypto swaps, withdrawals, staking, airdrops and fees. Also log on-chain movements from your own wallet if you used a hardware device.
- 2
Compute the capital gain per operation (FIFO)
Spain applies FIFO by default (first-in first-out) to determine the acquisition cost. Gain = sale price − acquisition cost − fees. A negative result is a capital loss that can offset other savings-base gains (max 25% with capital income) over 4 years.
- 3
Aggregate all the year's gains in the savings base
2025 savings-base brackets: up to €6,000 at 19%, €6,000-50,000 at 21%, €50,000-200,000 at 23%, €200,000-300,000 at 27%, and above €300,000 at 28%. Gains stack with dividends, fund distributions and other savings income.
- 4
Fill boxes 1626 to 1636 on Modelo 100
"Capital gains and losses from onerous transfers of virtual currencies" — box 1626 (sale value) and 1631 (acquisition value). Renta Web lets you add multiple lines if you had several operations.
- 5
File Modelo 721 if applicable
If on 31/12/2025 you held over €50,000 in non-Spanish exchanges, file Modelo 721 between January 1 and March 31. It is informational but mandatory. First filing was for FY 2023 and it must be renewed annually when balances change by more than €20,000 or new venues are added.
- 6
Keep all documentation for 4 years
Hacienda can request supporting docs up to 4 years later. Store the original CSVs, your FIFO calculations, withdrawal receipts and year-end balance screenshots. A simple Google Drive folder per fiscal year is enough.
Included calculator
Spanish crypto capital-gains simulator
IRPF 2025-2026 savings-base brackets. Enter your buy price, sell price and quantity.
Total sale
€90.000
Capital gain
€60.000
Estimated tax
€12.680
Bracket breakdown:
| Bracket (EUR) | Taxed | Rate | Tax |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-6000 | €6000 | 19% | €1140 |
| 6000-50.000 | €44.000 | 21% | €9240 |
| 50.000-200.000 | €10.000 | 23% | €2300 |
Effective rate: 21.13% · Net after tax: €77.320
Estimate only — not tax advice. Assumes FIFO cost basis and full IRPF savings base. Regional variations may apply for Basque Country and Navarra.
Key takeaways
- FIFO is mandatory in Spain — you cannot cherry-pick which lot you sold.
- Crypto-to-crypto swaps trigger a taxable event even without touching euros.
- Modelo 721 is informational but missing it means a minimum €300 fine.
- Losses can be carried forward 4 years against other savings-base gains.
- Staking, lending and airdrop rewards are NOT capital gains — they are investment income with their own box.
- Hacienda already receives EU exchange data via DAC-8 from 2024 onwards.
Frequently asked questions
Do I have to declare Bitcoin if I only bought and haven't sold?
Only if you held over €50,000 on non-resident exchanges on December 31 (Modelo 721). Buy-and-hold does not create a capital gain until you sell or swap. Balances in your own Ledger or Trezor don't trigger any reporting obligation.
How is acquisition cost calculated across multiple lots?
Mandatory FIFO: the first Bitcoin you sell is treated as acquired at the price of the first lot you bought. If you bought 0.1 BTC at €20,000 then 0.1 BTC at €40,000, and now sell 0.15 BTC at €60,000, your tax cost is 0.1 × 20,000 + 0.05 × 40,000 = €4,000.
Are staking and mining taxed the same?
No. Staking is investment income taxed at your IRPF marginal rate (general base, up to 47%). Mining may qualify as economic activity income if habitual, which requires registering as autónomo. Consult a tax advisor if mining income exceeds €3,000 per year.
What if I lost access to a wallet with crypto in it?
You cannot deduct the loss until you prove definitive irrecoverability. Hacienda demands robust evidence: police reports, technical documentation and traceability. In practice, few taxpayers succeed in getting Hacienda to accept this loss.
Do I have to declare operations on closed exchanges like FTX or Celsius?
Yes. Report the year-end balance during the year you operated there, and any sales actually executed. Bankruptcy losses can typically be booked once the credit is judicially declared uncollectable (usually 2-4 years after the exchange closes).
Before you file, use the CryptoOráculo tax calculator to simulate your capital gain and estimate the tax you'll owe. Enter your buy amounts, sell amounts and FIFO is applied automatically.
Calculate your taxable gain